Cardiovascular Essentials for Advanced Practice Providers-Valvular Heart Disease Video

Video Transcription

Video Summary

The lecture reviews common valvular heart diseases, focusing on recognition, exam findings, testing, and management. Aortic stenosis is classically due to calcific degeneration, causing dyspnea, syncope, angina, an S4, and a harsh systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur radiating to the carotids. Diagnosis is by echocardiogram; severe symptomatic disease requires valve replacement, with TAVR favored in many older/high-risk patients. Aortic regurgitation causes diastolic murmur, widened pulse pressure, and LV dilation; ACE inhibitors/ARBs may help, but surgery is needed with symptoms or LV dysfunction. Mitral stenosis, often rheumatic, causes a low diastolic rumble at the apex, dyspnea, and atrial fibrillation risk. Mitral regurgitation produces a holosystolic apical murmur and may need repair, surgery, or MitraClip. Mitral valve prolapse causes a mid-systolic click. Tricuspid regurgitation is usually functional, linked to right-sided failure, and worsens with inspiration. Antibiotic prophylaxis is reserved for high-risk patients.

Keywords

aortic stenosis

aortic regurgitation

mitral stenosis

mitral regurgitation

valvular heart disease

valve replacement