Cardiovascular Essentials for Advanced Practice Providers-Congestive Heart Failure Video

Video Transcription

Video Summary

This module reviews congestive heart failure, including HFrEF, HFpEF, right-sided failure, and acute decompensated heart failure. It highlights the high lifelong risk of heart failure, increased mortality, and important risk factors such as age, hypertension, coronary artery disease, race, and diabetes. The lecture explains staging and NYHA functional class, emphasizing early identification and treatment. It reviews pathophysiology: HFrEF involves reduced ejection fraction, remodeling, and neurohormonal activation; HFpEF involves stiff, poorly relaxing ventricles and impaired filling. Common symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue, edema, and weight gain, with diagnosis supported by BNP, labs, echocardiography, chest X-ray, and sometimes MRI or catheterization. Guideline-directed therapy for HFrEF includes ARNI/ACEi/ARB, beta blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and diuretics. HFpEF management focuses on treating comorbidities, exercise, SGLT2 inhibitors, MRAs, and diuretics. Acute heart failure management depends on perfusion and congestion status, using diuretics, vasodilators, inotropes, and pressors when needed.

Keywords

congestive heart failure

HFrEF

HFpEF

acute decompensated heart failure

NYHA functional class

guideline-directed therapy

echocardiography