Cardiovascular Essentials for Advanced Practice Providers Revamp-Valvular Heart Disease Video

Video Transcription

Video Summary

The lecture reviews major valvular heart diseases, focusing on recognition by symptoms, exam, echocardiography, and management. Aortic stenosis is classically due to calcific degeneration and presents with dyspnea, syncope, and angina plus a harsh systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur radiating to the carotids. Severe symptomatic disease requires valve replacement, with TAVR vs surgical AVR chosen based on age, anatomy, and surgical risk. Aortic regurgitation causes volume overload, bounding pulses, widened pulse pressure, and a blowing diastolic murmur; treatment includes afterload reduction and surgery when symptoms or LV dilation/dysfunction develop. Mitral stenosis, usually rheumatic, causes a low diastolic rumble at the apex and can lead to atrial fibrillation; treatment may include diuretics, rate control, balloon valvotomy, or valve replacement. Mitral regurgitation and mitral valve prolapse are also reviewed, as well as tricuspid regurgitation, often functional and associated with right-sided failure signs. Antibiotic prophylaxis is reserved for high-risk patients only.

Keywords

aortic stenosis

aortic regurgitation

mitral stenosis

mitral regurgitation

valvular heart disease