Cardiovascular Essentials for Ambulatory Nurses – Advanced-Video: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and Valvular Heart Disease (VHD)

Video Transcription

Video Summary

In this video, the presenter discusses atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease. Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia and its prevalence is expected to increase. AFib is more common in people of European descent and women. The presenter explains the pathophysiology of AFib and how it affects the coordination of atria and ventricles. EKG findings include the absence of P waves and irregular atrial activity. The types of AFib include paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent. Risk factors for AFib include high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and age. Symptoms of AFib can be vague or absent. Diagnosis involves evaluating the patient's history, performing lab work, and conducting diagnostic tests such as ambulatory monitors and echoes. The presenter also discusses risk stratification and anticoagulation for stroke prevention in AFib patients.<br /><br />Regarding valvular heart disease, the presenter explains that it affects the mitral and aortic valves. The most common cause is rheumatic heart disease. Other causes include congenital heart valve disease, autoimmune diseases, and aortic stenosis. Symptoms can be similar to heart failure and may include fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves listening for murmurs and conducting additional tests such as echocardiograms. Treatment for valvular heart disease depends on the severity and may involve symptom management, medications, and surgical intervention. The presenter also discusses transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and transcatheter mitral valve repair (MitraClip) as minimally invasive options for certain patients. The importance of a heart team approach is emphasized for determining the best treatment plan for patients.  <br /><br />The video provides a comprehensive overview of atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease, highlighting key points about the conditions, their diagnosis, and treatment options.

Keywords

atrial fibrillation

valvular heart disease

EKG findings

risk factors

diagnosis

treatment options

transcatheter procedures